Charles's Law Calculator
Calculate volume and temperature relationships for gases using Charles's Law. Our chemistry calculator provides step-by-step gas law calculations with temperature conversions and detailed analysis.
Last updated: December 15, 2024
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Volume in Liters (L)
Temperature in Celsius (°C)
Temperature in Celsius (°C)
Charles's Law Results
Final Volume:
2.9193 L
Initial T (K):
298.15 K
Final T (K):
348.15 K
Temperature Ratio:
T₂/T₁ = 1.1677
Analysis:
According to Charles's Law, when temperature increases from 298.15 K to 348.15 K, the volume increases proportionally from 2.5 L to 2.9193 L.
Calculation Steps:
- Given: V₁ = 2.5 L, T₁ = 25°C = 298.15 K
- Given: T₂ = 75°C = 348.15 K
- Charles's Law: V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
- Solve for V₂: V₂ = V₁ × (T₂/T₁)
- V₂ = 2.5 × (348.15/298.15) = 2.9193 L
Charles's Law:
- • Formula: V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ (at constant pressure)
- • Direct relationship: Volume increases with temperature
- • Temperature must be in Kelvin for calculations
- • Applications: Hot air balloons, gas expansion
Quick Example Result
For V₁ = 2.5 L, T₁ = 25°C (298.15 K), T₂ = 75°C (348.15 K):
V₂ = 2.9193 L
Temperature ratio: 348.15/298.15 = 1.1677
How This Calculator Works
Our Charles's Law calculator applies fundamental principles of gas behavior to analyze volume-temperature relationships. The calculator uses the gas law frameworkto determine how gas volume changes with temperature at constant pressure.
Charles's Law Formula
V ∝ T (at constant P and n)V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂V₂ = V₁ × (T₂/T₁)This formula shows the direct proportional relationship between gas volume and absolute temperature. When temperature increases, volume increases proportionally, and vice versa, provided pressure and amount of gas remain constant.
Shows how gas volume changes with temperature at constant pressure
Scientific Foundation
Charles's Law, discovered by Jacques Charles in 1787, describes the fundamental relationship between gas volume and temperature. This law is based on the kinetic theory of gases, which states that gas molecules move faster at higher temperatures, requiring more space and thus increasing volume when pressure is held constant.
- Volume and temperature have a direct linear relationship when measured in Kelvin
- The law applies to ideal gases and real gases under moderate conditions
- Pressure and amount of gas must remain constant for the law to hold
- Temperature must be expressed in absolute scale (Kelvin) for accurate calculations
Sources & References
- General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications - Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring (11th Edition)Comprehensive treatment of gas laws and kinetic theory
- American Chemical Society - Chemistry Education ResourcesProfessional standards for teaching gas laws and thermodynamics
- NIST Chemistry WebBook - Thermophysical Properties of GasesAuthoritative data on gas behavior and properties
Need help with other gas law calculations? Check out our Boyle's law calculator and ideal gas law calculator.
Get Custom Calculator for Your PlatformExample Analysis
Given Conditions:
- Initial volume: 2000 m³ at 15°C
- Final temperature: 100°C
- Pressure: Constant (1 atm)
Charles's Law Application:
- Convert to Kelvin: T₁ = 288.15 K, T₂ = 373.15 K
- Apply V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
- V₂ = 2000 × (373.15/288.15)
- V₂ = 2000 × 1.295 = 2590 m³
Result: Air volume increases to 2590 m³ when heated
The 29.5% volume increase makes the heated air less dense than the surrounding cool air, providing the buoyancy needed for the balloon to rise. This demonstrates Charles's Law in a practical, real-world application.
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