Astronomy Calculator

Light Year Conversion Calculator - Convert Light Years to Kilometers, Miles, AU

Free light year conversion calculator to convert light years to kilometers, miles, astronomical units, parsecs, and meters. Convert between light years and other distance measurements. Perfect for astronomy, space science, and understanding interstellar distances. 1 light year = 9.461 trillion kilometers = 5.88 trillion miles.

Last updated: January 23, 2026

Accurate conversion based on speed of light
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Light Year Conversion Calculator
Convert between light years, kilometers, miles, astronomical units, parsecs, and more

Conversion Results

Light Years

Light Years

1 ly

Astronomical Units

Astronomical Units

63,242.878764 au

Parsecs

0.30657809 pc

Earth Radii

1,485,010,202.479987 R⊕

Sun Radii

13,586,753.597381 R☉

Metric Units

Meters

9,461,000,000,000,000 m

Kilometers

9,461,000,000,000 km

Imperial/US Units

Miles

5,878,792,849,757.42 mi

Key Facts:

  • • 1 light year ≈ 9.461 × 10¹² km ≈ 5.88 trillion miles
  • • 1 light year ≈ 63,241 astronomical units
  • • 1 light year ≈ 0.3066 parsecs
  • • Light travels at 299,792,458 m/s in vacuum
  • • Proxima Centauri is about 4.24 light years away
  • • A light year is a unit of distance, not time

Light Year Conversion Calculator Features

Speed of Light Based
Accurate astronomical calculations

Definition

1 ly = 9.461 × 10¹² km

Based on the speed of light: 299,792,458 m/s × seconds in a year

Comprehensive Units
Support for all space distance units

Units supported

Light Years, AU, Parsecs, km, mi

Convert between light years, astronomical units, parsecs, and standard units

Interstellar Distances
Perfect for stellar measurements

Use cases

Star Distances, Galaxy Measurements

Ideal for measuring distances to stars, galaxies, and other interstellar objects

Astronomy & Space Science
Essential for astronomical calculations

Applications

Research, Education, Space Missions

Convert distances for astronomy research, education, and space mission planning

Real-time Conversion
Instant results as you type

Speed

Instant calculations

See results in all units immediately as you enter or change values

Educational Value
Learn about interstellar distances

Learning

Understanding Cosmic Scale

Helps visualize and understand the vast distances in our universe

Quick Example Result

For 1 light year:

Kilometers

9.461 trillion km

Miles

5.88 trillion mi

How Our Light Year Conversion Calculator Works

Our light year conversion calculator uses the speed of light in a vacuum (299,792,458 meters per second) multiplied by the number of seconds in a year to calculate the distance light travels in one year. When you enter a distance value in any unit, the calculator first converts it to meters, then displays the equivalent in light years and all other supported units.

Conversion Formulas

Light Year Definition:
1 ly = speed of light × seconds in a year1 ly = 299,792,458 m/s × 31,536,000 s1 ly = 9.461 × 10¹⁵ m ≈ 9.461 trillion km
Light Years to Kilometers:
km = ly × 9.461 × 10¹²
Light Years to Miles:
mi = ly × 5.88 × 10¹²
Light Years to Astronomical Units:
au = ly × 63,241

All conversions are based on the speed of light in vacuum and standard astronomical definitions.

What is a Light Year?

A light year (symbol: ly) is a unit of distance used in astronomy to measure vast interstellar and intergalactic distances. Despite its name containing the word "year," a light year is a unit of distance, not time. It represents the distance that light travels in one year through a vacuum.

Distance, Not Time

A light year measures distance, not time. It's the distance light travels in one year at the speed of 299,792,458 meters per second (approximately 186,282 miles per second).

1 ly = 9.461 × 10¹² km = 5.88 × 10¹² mi

Why Use Light Years?

Light years make it easier to express and understand vast interstellar distances. For example, Proxima Centauri is 4.24 light years away, which is much simpler than saying 40.1 trillion kilometers.

Simplifies astronomical distances

How to Convert Light Years to Kilometers

To convert light years to kilometers, multiply the number of light years by 9.461 × 10¹² (9.461 trillion). This is the exact distance light travels in one year.

Example Calculation

To convert 2 light years to kilometers:

2 ly × 9.461 × 10¹² km/ly = 18.922 × 10¹² km
= 18,922,000,000,000 km

How to Convert Light Years to Miles

To convert light years to miles, multiply the number of light years by approximately 5.88 × 10¹² (5.88 trillion miles). This conversion accounts for the difference between kilometers and miles.

Example Calculation

To convert 1 light year to miles:

1 ly × 5.88 × 10¹² mi/ly = 5.88 × 10¹² mi
= 5,878,625,373,184 miles

How to Convert Light Years to Astronomical Units

To convert light years to astronomical units, multiply the number of light years by 63,241. One astronomical unit (au) is the average distance from Earth to the Sun, approximately 149.6 million kilometers.

Example Calculation

To convert 5 light years to astronomical units:

5 ly × 63,241 au/ly = 316,205 au

Light Year vs. Astronomical Unit vs. Parsec

These three units serve different purposes in astronomy:

Light Year (ly)

Distance light travels in one year. 1 ly ≈ 9.461 × 10¹² km ≈ 63,241 au. Used for interstellar distances.

Use: Star distances, galaxy measurements

Astronomical Unit (au)

Average Earth-Sun distance. 1 au = 149,597,870,700 m. Used for Solar System distances.

Use: Planet distances, asteroid orbits

Parsec (pc)

Distance at which 1 au subtends 1 arcsecond. 1 pc ≈ 3.26 ly ≈ 206,264.8 au. Used in stellar astronomy.

Use: Stellar distances, parallax measurements

Practical Applications

This calculator is essential for various real-world applications:

Astronomy & Space Science

Convert distances for astronomy research, space mission planning, and understanding stellar distances. Essential for calculating travel times and understanding the scale of the universe.

Education & Learning

Help students understand the scale of the universe. Convert between familiar units (km, miles) and light years to visualize interstellar distances.

Space Mission Planning

Convert distances for planning interstellar missions, calculating travel times, and understanding the scale of cosmic distances. Essential for mission design and navigation.

Research & Publications

Convert measurements for scientific papers, research calculations, and astronomical data analysis. Ensure accurate conversions using standard astronomical definitions.

Sources & References

  • International Astronomical Union (IAU) - Units and ConstantsStandard definitions for astronomical units and light years
  • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - Speed of Lightc = 299,792,458 m/s (exact value in vacuum)
  • NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive - Stellar Distance MeasurementsInterstellar distances and stellar data using light years

Light Year Conversion Calculator Examples

Example 1: Convert 1 Light Year to Kilometers and Miles
Convert 1 light year to common distance units

Input:

  • Distance: 1 light year

Conversion Steps:

  1. Start with 1 light year
  2. Convert to meters: 1 × 9.461 × 10¹⁵ = 9,461,000,000,000,000 m
  3. Convert to kilometers: 9.461 × 10¹⁵ ÷ 1,000 = 9.461 × 10¹² km
  4. Convert to miles: 9.461 × 10¹² km ÷ 1.609344 = 5.88 × 10¹² mi
  5. Convert to astronomical units: 1 × 63,241 = 63,241 au

Result: 1 ly = 9.461 trillion km = 5.88 trillion miles = 63,241 au

1 light year equals approximately 9.461 trillion kilometers, 5.88 trillion miles, or 63,241 astronomical units.

Example 2: Convert Proxima Centauri Distance (4.24 ly) to Kilometers
Convert the distance to the nearest star to kilometers

Input:

  • Distance: 4.24 light years
  • Context: Distance to Proxima Centauri (nearest star to Sun)

Conversion Steps:

  1. Start with 4.24 light years
  2. Convert to meters: 4.24 × 9.461 × 10¹⁵ = 40.1 × 10¹⁵ m
  3. Convert to kilometers: 40.1 × 10¹⁵ ÷ 1,000 = 40.1 × 10¹² km
  4. Convert to miles: 40.1 × 10¹² km ÷ 1.609344 = 24.9 × 10¹² mi
  5. Convert to astronomical units: 4.24 × 63,241 = 268,142 au

Result: 4.24 ly = 40.1 trillion km

Proxima Centauri is 4.24 light years away, which equals approximately 40.1 trillion kilometers or 24.9 trillion miles.

Sirius Distance

8.6 ly ≈

81.4 trillion km

Vega Distance

25 ly ≈

236.5 trillion km

1 Parsec

1 pc =

3.26 light years

Frequently Asked Questions

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